Author of Dracula
Born:	November 8, 1847 Clontarf, Ireland
Died:	April 20, 1912 London
Occupation(s):	Novelist
Genre(s):	Horror
Influences:	Emily Gerard, Sheridan Le Fanu, Henry Irving
Influenced:	Modern Vampire

Abraham "Bram" Stoker (November 8, 1847–April 20, 1912) was an Irish writer, best remembered as the author of the influential horror novel Dracula.

Life

He was born on November 8, 1847 at 15 Marino Crescent--then as now called The Crescent--in Clontarf,^[1] a coastal suburb of Dublin, Ireland, to Abraham Stoker (born in 1799; married Stoker's mother in 1844; died on October 10, 1876) and the feminist Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley (born in 1818; died in 1901) as the third of seven children.^[2] Abraham and Charlotte were members of the Church of Ireland and attended the Clontarf parish church (St. John the Baptist) with their children. Until he started school at the age of seven — when he made a complete, astounding recovery — Stoker was an invalid. Of this time, Stoker wrote, "I was naturally thoughtful, and the leisure of long illness gave opportunity for many thoughts which were fruitful according to their kind in later years."

After his recovery, he became a normal young man even excelling as an athlete at Trinity College, Dublin (1864-70), from which he was graduated with honors in mathematics. He was auditor of the College Historical Society and president of the University Philosophical Society, where his first paper was on "Sensationalism in Fiction and Society". In 1876, while employed as a civil servant in Dublin, he wrote theater reviews for The Dublin Mail, a newspaper partly owned by fellow horror writer J. Sheridan Le Fanu. His interest in theatre led to a lifelong friendship with the actor Henry Irving.

In 1878 Stoker married Florence Balcombe, a celebrated beauty whose former suitor was Oscar Wilde. The couple moved to London, where Stoker became business manager of Irving's Lyceum Theatre, a post he held for 27 years. The collaboration with Irving was very important for Stoker. Through him he became involved in London's high society, where he met, among other notables, James McNeil Whistler and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. In the course of Irving's tours he got the chance to travel around the world.

Dracula

Dracula by Bram Stoker, 1st edition cover, Archibald Constable and Company, 1897

Main article: Dracula

He supplemented his income by writing a large number of sensational novels, his most famous being the vampire tale Dracula which he published in 1897. Before writing Dracula, Stoker spent eight years researching European folklore and stories of vampires. Dracula is an epistolary novel, written as collection of diary entries, telegrams, and letters from the characters, as well as fictional clippings from the Whitby and London newspapers.

Dracula has been the basis for countless films and plays. His inspiration for the story was from a visit to Slains Castle near Aberdeen. The bleak spot provided an excellent backdrop for his creation. The first and perhaps most famous was Nosferatu directed by F.W Murnau and starring Max Schreck as Count Orlock. Nosferatu was produced while Florence Stoker, Bram Stoker's widow and literary executrix, was still alive. Represented by the attorneys of the British Incorporated Society of Authors, she eventually sued the filmmakers. Her chief legal complaint was that she had been neither asked for permission for the adaptation nor paid any royalty. The case dragged on for some years, with Mrs. Stoker demanding the destruction of the negative and all prints of the film. The suit was finally resolved in the widow's favour in July 1925. Some copies of the film survived, however, and the film is now widely regarded as an innovative classic.

Stoker wrote several other novels dealing with horror and supernatural themes, but none of them achieved the lasting fame or success of Dracula. His other novels include The Snake's Pass (1890), The Jewel of Seven Stars (1903), and The Lair of the White Worm (1911).

Bibliography

Novels

• The Primrose Path (1875)
• The Snake's Pass (1890)
• The Watter's Mou' (1895)
• The Shoulder of Shasta (1895)
• Dracula (1897)
• Miss Betty (1898)
• The Mystery of the Sea (1902)
• The Jewel of Seven Stars (1903)
• The Man (AKA: The Gates of Life) (1905)
• Lady Athlyne (1908)
• Snowbound: The Record of a Theatrical Touring Party (1908)
• The Lady of the Shroud (1909)
• Lair of the White Worm (1911)

Short story collections

Bram Stoker Commemorative Plaque, Whitby, England (2002)

• Under the Sunset (1881)
• Dracula's Guest (1914) Published posthumously by Florence Stoker

Uncollected stories

• Bridal of Dead (alternative ending to The Jewel of Seven Stars)
• Buried Treasures
• The Chain of Destiny
• The Crystal Cup (1872)- published by 'The London Society'
• The Dualitists; or, The Death Doom of the Double Born
• The Fate of Fenella (1892), Chapter 10, "Lord Castleton Explains" only.
• The Gombeen Man
• In the Valley of the Shadow
• The Man from Shorrox'
• Midnight Tales
• The Red Stockade
• The Seer

Non-fiction

• The Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions in Ireland (1879)
• A Glimpse of America (1886)
• Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving (1906)
• Famous Impostors (1910)

References and notes

See also

• Blood from the Mummy's Tomb (film adaptation of The Jewel of Seven Stars)